Annotated Bibliography Of Paulo Freire And Icts - 1214 Words

Interpretive Summary of â€Å"Paulo Freire and ICTs: Liberatory Education Theory in a Digital Age.† â€Å"Paulo Freire and ICTs† examines the effect ICTs (information and communication technologies) have upon the educational experience in the classroom, â€Å"drawing on principles from Paulo Freire’s classic work, Pedagogy of the Oppressed†. The authors of this paper illustrate how ICTs support Freire’s â€Å"‘banking system’ of education†. Accordingly, this essay aims to increase understanding and awareness of the danger of untamed ICT use in classrooms for the sake of being perceived as an innovative educator. Some elements of ICTs give the image of conforming to Freirian education, so teachers perceive these products to better the teaching process, when†¦show more content†¦Freire is whole-heartedly against education being defined merely as a transmission of information, but rather â€Å"consists of acts of cognition†. He sees critical thinking and Socratic dialogue as crucial to the ideal classroom, working to sti mulate â€Å"reflection† and so â€Å"‘create history’†. Freire’s complete idea of liberatory education is not apparent in the presented ICTs, which will be shown to reinforce the traditional model of banking education. PowerPoint’s ease of communication and efficiency make it attractive in a classroom, but centralizes control with teacher and promotes passivity among students by objectifying knowledge. Its simple structure and visual â€Å"arousal† work to capture and easily transmit the material to the audience. Generally, a presentation is done by one or several individuals to a group of students, whom sit back, scrolling through Facebook, superficially receiving the content without truly digesting it. Essentially, a PowerPoint presentation centralizes control of the class in the hands of the presenter (often the teacher) â€Å"to passive receivers (the students)†. Teaching pre-packaged information without allowing for critical thinking is merely undermining and objectifying the knowledge. Teachers are so enthralled by this new technology they miss how their educational system remains stagnant, continuing as the banking model. Clickers work to rip

Essay on Pregnancy and Eating Disorders - 4460 Words

Pregnancy and Eating Disorders Concerns about gaining weight and retaining a youthful figure are expressed by many pregnant women. When there has been a history of anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa, weight gain and body shape changes accompanying pregnancy can provoke extreme distress (Rand et al., 1987). Very little is known about the impact of pregnancy on women with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. Despite the fact that amenorrhea, the lack of menstruation, and infertility are common features of these syndromes, some women have been able to conceive, even at below normal body weight (Lemberg Phillips, 1989). Information is lacking in general on psychological impact on the mother-to-be as well as on the course of pregnancy†¦show more content†¦Consequently, their babies had significantly lower birth weights and lower 5-minute Apgar scores than the babies of the women who were in remission (Franko Walton, 1993). Lacey and Smith (1987) investigated the pregnancies and fetal outcomes of 20 normal-weight bulimic women in the largest study to date. Consistent with both studies by Blinder and Hagman (1984) and Namir et al. (1986), they reported a significant reduction in the eating disorder symptoms in the majority of women during the course of the pregnancy, with 75% having a complete cessation of bingeing and purging by the third trimester. Also, consistent with previous reports, the majority of women regressed in the postpartum period (Psychological Medicine, 1991). However, the authors note that a full 25% of the sample appeared to be cured of their eating disorder symptoms. Despite a significant reduction in the binge-purge behavior, the authors reported significant fetal abnormality involving a cleft pallet child, another with a cleft lip, and higher than average pregnancy complications, multiple pregnancies, and obstetric complications. Unfortunately, no information was provided on materna l weight gain or infant weights (Lemberg Phillips, 1989). Hollifield and Hobdy (1990) reported their experience with three bulimic women who became pregnant while in therapy. Although the women felt a greatShow MoreRelated Eating Disorders and Pregnancy Essay2138 Words   |  9 PagesEating Disorders and Pregnancy Pregnancy has often been viewed as a period of great developmental change for women. This is also a period in which previously dormant psychological issues rise to the surface and when current issues have the potential to worsen. Because anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa occur primarily in young women, many of whom are of childbearing age, it is important to evaluate the potential medical and psychological consequences when an eating disorderedRead MoreNegative Effects Of Rape1166 Words   |  5 Pagesrape is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Common symptoms of PTSD are having flashbacks or nightmares (â€Å"Joyful†). Victims tend to have these flashbacks and nightmares due to paranoia. Victims are usually still in shock after the incident and are scared. Some victims also tend to feel guilty, but this cam also be a long term effect. Short term psychological effects of rape can also be long term. A few of these effects are depression. Depression is à ¢â‚¬Å"a mood disorder that occurs when feelings associatedRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa And The Adolescent Self Essay1176 Words   |  5 Pagesto a female with Anorexia Nervous (AN). Merriam-Webster.com defines Anorexia Nervous as: â€Å"a serious disorder in eating behavior primarily of young women in their teens and early twenties that is characterized especially by a pathological fear of weight gain leading to faulty eating patterns, malnutrition, and usually excessive weight loss†. Fifth-teen percent of the people with eating disorders are male which leaves ninety-five to be female (Boskind-White 219). Author, Wendy Jones also agrees withRead MoreThe Lolita Effect On Children s Health Network1275 Words   |  6 PagesIn Western society, the media hypersexualizes children from birth. However, this hypersexuality is commonly focused on girls aged eight to fifteen (Canadian Women’s Health Network). This leads to self-esteem issues, high teenage pregnancy rates, eating disorders, sex trafficking, suicidal thoughts, and actions, and what is called the â€Å"Lolita effect.† This hypersexuality also leads to violent relational abuse, and in boys, has been shown linked with violence (Keating). These all have devastating consequencesRead MorePica1443 Words   |  6 Pagespark on a marvelous day watching the kids play in the park, then it happens one kid starts eating dirt. Wondering why he’s doing it, and what’s his motive? Intrigued, I go home and research the symptoms and I come up with one word: Pica. But what exactly is Pica? Pica is a very rare disorders with an interesting history, where signs and symptoms help diagnosis the treatments for it. Pica  is a disorder in which you have an  appetite or weird craving  for things that have no nutritional valueRead MoreHealth Psychology Essay1208 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent issues I have decided to talk about are eating disorders and childbirth. I will then compare the two health psychology issues in relation to their common themes and also their different. P3 Explain specific health psychology issues. Using two health psychology issues of interest to you, you should explain the specific issue in detail Eating Disorders (anorexia and bulimia) Anorexia and bulimia are caused through psychological issues. Eating disorders are known by an unusual attitude towards foodRead MorePregnant Adolescent Females Should Be Assessed For Weight853 Words   |  4 Pagestypically have poor nutrition and socioeconomic background. Due to the increased nutritional needs in pregnancy, the pregnant adolescents may be competing for nutrients with their fetus [24]. Pregnant adolescents, especially those below 15 years of age, are at a higher risk for pregnancy complications as compared to adult mothers. These risks include abnormal maternal weight gain, pregnancy-induced hypertension, anemia, lung disease, and renal disease. Their babies may also be at risk for LBWRead MoreWhat is Pica?1163 Words   |  5 Pagesconnection between abnormal low levels of dopamine in the brain and develop pica disorder. No specific understanding of biochemical disorders have been known, however, we can check for risk factors for pica some examples; I found the following: Brain damage, Parental-child psychopathology, Pregnancy, Family disorganization, Environmental deprivation, Epilepsy, Mental retardation, Pervasive developmental disorders. The pica disorder was named after a bird that’s call the magpie, a species of a bird thatRead MorePhysical Health Does Affect Education1453 Words   |  6 Pagesaffects everything because if your body doesn’t want to correspond then you can’t do well. One can get too stressed and they can stop eating and if people don’t eat they don’t perform well in school. One can get ill leading them to stop going to school for a while and their education starts to get affected. Girls can also have sexual interaction leading to pregnancy and they can stop their education and continue it later or stop for good. Also if teenagers get injured they can be in the hospital forRead MoreEffects Of Autism On Children With Autism Spectrum Diseases1073 Words   |  5 Pages Autism Spectrum disorder is described as a disorder that will disable people for communication and social interaction. They will have repetitive behaviors and also will have difficultly learning, reacting to things or paying attention. If there is an early intervention of this disorder treatment can be manageable. Scientist believe that genetic is the major cause of autism and there is a high chance of children to get autism if their sibling is already suffering from autism. Autism was discovered

UFO Fact Or Fiction Essay Example For Students

UFO Fact Or Fiction Essay annonUnidentified flying objects, or UFOs, as theyre fondly called, areone of the centurys most intriguing and controversial mysteries. Sinceancient times, UFOs of all types have been accounted for. More today thanever, hundreds of thinkers, theologians, and scientists have tried toanswer why there are or whether there arent UFOs. According to some, thespeculation that UFOs are alien spacecrafts from another world is anabsurd and foolish proposal. Others vehemently disagree and assert thatextraterrestrial life is not only possible, but such life forms may besuperior, technologically advanced beings who visit our Earth regularly. Are these flying saucers a figment of our imagination? Or, are theya genuine reality we prefer to dismiss because we fear the scary truththat we are not the only master race? Are we hesitant because societydubs such immature psycho tantamount to subscribing to belief in ghosts?These are a few of the many pertinent UFO questions the mature individualmust address. One of the most popular theories that support and explains theexistence of alien beings is the ancient astronaut theory. This theorycontains three main schools of thought. The first states that aliens bredwith our primitive forebears thereby creating modern man. The second isquite similar. Aliens performed genetic engineering on apes therebycreating the Homo Sapiens and mans intelligence. The third, and leastaccepted, is that colonists from another galaxy came to Earth, mated withthe primitives and established a high level of culture, before beingdestroyed by some natural catastrophe. And upon this catastrophe anddestruction, we build and grow (Fitzgerald 1). Berossus, a Babylonianscholar, may have been the first astronaut historian. He said that animals endowed with reason bestowed the Sumerian culture before 3000BCE. The Sumerians, along with their cultural inheritors, theBabylonians, never referred to such beings as gods. Rather they weredepicted as disgusting abominations, a desc ription only deserved byuninvited alien visitors (2). One step further takes the astronaut theory and surmises that withit, we can understand the later religious cultures, such as the Hebrewswho are thought to have borrowed much of Sumerian practice. Suchreligions and secret societies, with their elaborate and complicatedrituals may actually be preserving from a previous epoch fragments of anesoteric and little understood knowledge, just as the Egyptian, Hebrew,and Mayan priests guarded in their temples the inspired word of theirself-possessed creators (3). Alien originators may have set down certainrites which became confused over the years, resulting in the variousancient religions; aliens being the source of our notion of God. Thisalso may explain how miles long designs, only viewable from the air, werecreated in ancient times. The only rationalization for the possibility ofsuch designs is that the ancients had assistance from the sky, namelyextraterrestrial assistance. Many UFO theorists, astronomer Morris Jessupbeing the forerunner , go even further: not only were pre-Biblical andBiblical times full of Alien intervention, but he contends that the UFOphenomenon is the missing link between Biblical supernatural accounts ofmiracles and established, contradicting science. Jessup explains thatnothing is supernatural and nothing is outside nature (12). Hecontinues that the Bible is full of UFO accounts, depicted by variousdescriptions: angels, the revelation on Mt. Sinai, the burning bush, andElijahs levitation to heaven. Jessup says the Bible is a physicalrecord, not a collection of divine revelation although the miracles ofthis and all religions invite rational and physical explanation, if wegrant the existence of spatial intelligence (13).' Another thinker,Brinsley Trent, follows the theme of extraterrestrial interpretations ofthe Bible and claims that the Garden of Eden was, as many ancient textspoint out, not the underground, but in the Underworld i.e. outside theorbit of earth, meaning Mars. When the Great Fl ood occurred, Noah built agreat boat, a spaceship, and landed on Earth (Life 16). However,Cornell astronomer Carl Sagan warns that this ancient astronaut theory andthe saucer myths represent a compromise between the need to believe ina traditional God and the contemporary pressures to accept thepronouncement of science (Fitzgerald 5); therefore, according to Sagan,the proposition that aliens exist and the astronaut theory should betossed. Many theorists assume the Bible is a totally separate entity anddont associate or contradict the UFO phenomenon with the well establishedtheological belief system in the supernatural. Wilhelm Reich, for one, anoted Austrian psychoanalyst, claimed to have witnessed various UFO craftsand believed that these aliens are hostile. Such aliens wish to rob Earthof orgone, a cosmic life energy allegedly present in air, water, and allorganic matter (Life 52).He proceeds to say that saucers run on this orgone energy, hence exhuminga bluish color due to orgone exhaust. Moreover, orgone exhaust isdeadly orgone (Life), causing sickness in people and creating parcheddesert where ever the crafts land. The Swiss psychologist, Carl Jung,totally differed. He theorized that all people can tap into(a )collective unconciousness-an area of the unconscious thatcontainsinformation derived from the experiences of the human race as a wholerather than the individualThis storehouse contains universal symbolscall ed archtypesthat present themselves spontaneously in dreams orvisionsevoking strong imaginative responseOne such image was themandala, a disk shaped symbol that represents completion real objects, but rather mandalasvisioned by people lookingforequilibrium (53).Jungs approach is quite debatable. However, as shaky an argument itmay sound, its as viable as those who welcome the notion that aliens doexist. Abortion Clinics Should Not Be Closed In The U.S. EssayIn World War Two, Allied and Axis air pilots witnessed these eerieluminous balls that would either chase planes or zip in and out of theplanes courses. Such oddities were to be eventually called foofighters. World War Two was a time of secrecy and great inventions. Instinctively, the allies thought they were some kind of high tech Germaninnovation. Naturally, too, the Germans thought vice versa. Therefore,nothing of an extraterrestrial nature was ever reported (Life 26), atleast officially. There are countless reports where U.S. air force personnelwitnessed a flying saucer and reported it; only to be told that it wasprobably a jet or weather balloon. Despite the fact that Project BlueBook (a government UFO investigation) yielded a 1,465 page scientificreport containing charts, photographs and analyses, worth about a halfmillion dollars in research, the government stated in a 1969 news releasethat due to lack of any significant conclusions, UFO research would beterminated. Most fans of the research only read the introduction andconclusion sections of the report. Unfortunately those sections werewritten by an enthusiast of the U.S. Air Force: and hence embraced theirpolicy of denial and falsehood (Life 118). Consequently, the governmentsdecision to halt research was accepted with little protest or suspicion. Yet, the question whether the government is holding back vital UFOinformation is still very strong. Many contend that the U.S. governmentis doing so in an effort to ensure national safety and prevent potentialmass hysteria by publicizing the existence of alien beings. In 1947, in New Mexico, one of the most famous and potent pieces ofevidence literally befell the United States. Barney Barnett, and somelocal archeological students found shriveled and broken up pieces of shinymetal and scattered dead bodies all over. A few days later, the army hadquarantined the area, shipped everything away, and told the witnesses thatit was their patriotic duty to keep the incident a secret. Nonetheless,Barnett and the students went public about it (Life 74). To this day,hundreds of reports and books detail this famous Roswell incident andclaim that the government, again, is hiding undeniable proof of alienlife. The Viking mission to Mars in 1976 is another prime example of thegovernments policy of non cooperation and denial. The Voyager had takentwo pictures of a rock form of a human face on Mars surface. Before a1992 Observer voyage to Mars, many requested NASA to take high resolutionphotos of this Face to determine whether it is really a threedimensional rock formation. NASA responded in the negative, although thegovernment gave NASA an extra $90 million for the exact purpose of seekingout Martian life forms. NASA gave a stupid explanation, claiming that the1992 Observer was only photographing meter long objects, which the Facecould be a candidate target. However, there are no plans to tailor themission to assure that the Face is imaged (Boyce).In a letter, Bob Bletchman cynically responded: How can NASA not tiltthe camera to possibly answer the most profound question ever asked, Arewe alone? (Bletchman)Nevertheless, many scientists maintain that the many UFO sightingsmay simply be meteor ites, some type of atmospheric phenomena, or hightech, saucer-like airplanes used by the military. One factor that greatlycontributes to UFO skepticism is created by the thousands of UFO hoaxesmade each year. A prime and famous example of such hoaxes occurred in NewMexico, 1963. Paul Villa claimed that UFO aliens had become so friendlywith him that they agreed to pose their ship for a camera shot. Using thesame high-tech computers as was used for the Trent photos, scientistsrevealed a tiny wire that was used to suspend the UFO in the air (Life140). Although its very easy to scoff at the thought of Martians andflying saucers due to the subjects emotional sensationalistic attributesand attractabilty to the fantasizer, one can not simply dismiss thepossibility. There is too much evidence and too many good and honestpeople out there who can give testimony. Too often, we hear of the manygovernment cover-ups and attempts to keep things concealed. Although thegovernment tries hard, they cant keep it a secret forever. Little bylittle, as more incidents occur and as more is leaked out, the world willknow that we are not alone. It should be noted that this report by no means begins to evenscratch the surface of the UFO mystery. Not only are thousands of bookswritten on each issue, but each individual case is worthy of whole bookson its own. It therefore follows that this paper was a simple over of anoverview of the massive topics and subtopics that follow. Works CitedBletchman, Bob. National Board, International Mutual UFO Network. Bletchman, Bob. National Board, International Mutual UFO Network. Letters. Connecticut: 1988Boyce, Jacobs. Discipline Scientist, Planetary Geoscience, Solar SystemExploration Division, NASA. Letter. Washington, D.C.: 1988Editors of Time-Life Books, eds. The UFO Phenomenon. Virginia: Time-Life Books, 1987Fitzgerald, Randall. The Complete Book of Extraterrestrial Encounters. NewYork: Collier Books, 1979Jacobs, David M. Secret life. New York: Simon ; Schuster. 1992Works ConsultedFact or Fiction: The Roswell Autopsy. TV Program. N.p.: n.p., 1997.

Unruly Customers and Turnover in Service Industry

Introduction The ‘customer is always right’ is a slogan popularized by the management to encourage staff to take customer complaints seriously. This view assumes that customers are always â€Å"rational and functional† in their encounters with employees (Reynolds Harris, 2003, p. 145).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Unruly Customers and Turnover in Service Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While honest customer feedback is vital in improving business services or products and growth, addressing unrealistic expectations and requests can affect employee morale, leading to high turnover. Therefore, business owners should protect staff from deviant customers to improve employees’ satisfaction and confidence in their work and reduce turnover. Research Question The research question for this study is; does customer deviance influence turnover intentions in the service indust ry? Background Research Research shows that unruly customers cause psychological and emotional stress to staff through verbal abuse, unreasonable requests, and disrespect for company policies (Harry Reynolds, 2003). Psychological stress in the workplace lowers staff morale and job satisfaction, which increase turnover. In this view, support from the management can help staff deal with challenging customers. Ben-Zur and Yagil (2005) state that without organizational support, customer deviance can cause â€Å"burnout, emotional exhaustion, and low self-esteem† in staff, which affect productivity and retention (p. 91). Thus, customer deviance coupled with a lack of organizational support can increase turnover. Hypothesis The study will test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in turnover intentions between bank employees (front-desk staff) and factory workers. Research Design The study design will involve a descriptive research design. The key study variables will b e turnover intention, job satisfaction, customer incivility, and organizational/management support. The study will draw its participants from the front-desk and management staff.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Interviews will be used to collect data from the participants. Each will be interviewed in a 15-minute session using semi-structured questions. The key focus will be on customer incivility, management support, and turnover intentions. Data analysis will involve thematic analysis method. Sampling Approach A convenient sample of 25 participants will be sampled from the staff of a bank and a factory. It will consist of 10 front-desk staff (bank), 10 factory workers, and 5 managers/supervisors. A preliminary request for participation will be sent to the institutions to obtain approval and informed consent. Upon approval, the researcher will schedule the interview dates to collect the data. Possible Types of Secondary Data Secondary data for hypothesis testing are obtained from existing sources when primary data are unavailable. Zikmund and Babin (2006) outline four different forms of secondary data, namely, published data, personnel records, government reports, public sector reports, and electronic records. Journals, books, and periodicals archived in libraries are the major sources of published data (Zikmund Babin, 2006). Data published in periodicals and journals are often reliable and current. Personnel records encompass personal communications that can be used as sources of secondary data. Personal letters and diaries can provide information, but efforts must be taken to eliminate any bias they may contain. According to Zikmund and Babin (2006), government reports, particularly â€Å"surveys, tax records, and census data†, can also provide secondary data for hypothesis testing (p. 37). They are widely available in official gover nment sites and databases. In addition, public/private sector reports published by various institutions contain information that can be useful in research. Documentaries and films provide electronic data that can be useful in research.  To test the study’s hypothesis, the researcher will use more than one type of secondary data. Government reports, newspaper/magazine articles, and private sector reports will be useful sources of secondary data. These sources will provide useful statistics on turnover rates in the banking and manufacturing industries. This will allow the researcher to compare turnover rates between factory and banking staff.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Unruly Customers and Turnover in Service Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Possible Measurement Benchmarks and Scales A benchmark indicates the critical point at which the difference between the sample mean and the exp ected value becomes significant, i.e., it supports the null hypothesis. A p-value indicates the acceptable level of significance of a test (Zikmund Babin, 2006). In most studies, the p-values of 0.1, 0.05, and 0.01 are used as benchmarks for acceptable levels of type I error. When the value obtained from statistical tests, such as t-test or Z-test, is lower than the benchmark value, it indicates that the difference is significant, i.e., the null hypothesis is not supported.  According to Zikmund and Babin (2006), the main scales used to measure variables include â€Å"nominal, ordinal, ratio, and interval† scales (p. 155). The nominal scale classifies variables into mutually exclusive groups while the ordinal scale organizes data in a ranking order or hierarchy. In an interval scale, the difference between any two values is fixed. On the other hand, a ratio scale is similar to an interval one, but contains â€Å"a true zero point† (Zikmund Babin, 2006, p. 157). The type of measurement scale to be used in research depends on the nature of the study variables.  The proposed research will use a single measurement benchmark, namely, p = 0.05. Higher values than 0.05 will indicate an acceptable level of significance, i.e., the null hypothesis will be accepted. To measure turnover intentions, job satisfaction, customer incivility perceptions, and organizational support, the study will use the Likert (interval) scale. This scale will provide quantitative differences between the participants’ responses with respect to the four study variables. References Ben-Zur, H., Yagil, D. (2005). The Relationship between Empowerment, Aggressive  Behaviours of Customers, Coping, and Burnout. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 14, 81–99. Harris, L. C., Reynolds, K. L. (2003). The Consequences of Dysfunctional Customer  Behaviour. Journal of Service Research, 6, 144–161. Zikmund, W., Babin, B. (2006). Essentials of Marketing Research. Mason, OH:  Cengage Learning.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This research paper on Unruly Customers and Turnover in Service Industry was written and submitted by user Will H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.