Discuss Christian Views on Contraception, Marriage and Divorce Essay Example for Free

Discuss Christian Views on Contraception, Marriage and Divorce Essay Explain Christian beliefs about contraception (6) Christians believe that God created humans and that humans should ‘grow in population’ and so therefore they should reproduce naturally and grow in numbers. The Roman Catholic church believes that contraception is immoral and wrong since they regard it as artificial and unnatural since it prevents new life and this is not what God intended humans to do. God wants use to be ‘fruitful and increase in number’ they believe that sex should not carried out with no intention to create new life. Christians believe that God made most humans fertile since God has destined for use to create new life; God has planned our life even before we were born and so some Christians believe we should not interfere with God’s plan by using artificial means. The Catholic Church believes the use of contraception is sinful. Yet in today’s society, some Catholics believe that it is important to believe in our conscience and so contraception may be acceptable. This is particularly the case, were The Church of England are not against the use of contraception as it allows a couple to think about when to actually have a child and so contraception results in the child actually being wanted and loved since we should ‘love thy neighbour’. Both churches agree that contraception is acceptable if it protects the health of the couple, i.e. it stops the prevention of HIV/AIDS and so in these circumstances contraception is acceptable. 1. Explain how a Christian marriage ceremony might guide a couple in their married life (6) Christians believe a Christian marriage has vows in front of God, therefore the fact that God is a part of the ceremony the vows are extremely important since the husband and wife promise to be with one another ‘in sickness and health’ therefore these vows brings the couple closer in relationships and they can support one another since ‘It will make a helper suitable for him’ therefore the ceremony Is an act to express their love for one another and the promises that they are willing to follow. The ceremony may guide the couple in life since once they are married the ‘two will become one flesh this shows that they will equally live amongst each other and they have equal values and they should and care for each other. Prayers are held in the wedding to ask for God’s blessings therefore this leads couples into a moral way of life. The exchanging of rings is symbolic of the commitment that they have for one another and that they will always support one another in their married life. 1. ‘God would never approve of civil partnerships.’ Discuss this statement. (12) Many Christians have different opinions about civil partnerships and whether God would approve it or not. Some Christians would argue that all people should be treated the same no matter who they fall in love with, the Bible teaches that equality is very important ‘neither Jew nor Greek’ and so civil partnerships should not be judged as immoral. The Bible teaches that God loves all people since it is his creation as God made ‘man in the image of God’ and so God will still love those in a civil partnership as the Bible teaches that God treats them equally. Some Christians would also argue that God created love ‘brought her to the man’ and so if God didn’t approve of civil partnerships God would not allow people to express their love. Some Christians believe that same-sex couples should have the same freedom to marry that other couples have since they should be treated equally and God welcomes his people with love and compassion. The Bible clearly shows that God not judge others and in fact, teaches to ‘love thy neighbour’. On the other Hand The Roman Catholic Church and Church of England is against Civil partnerships as they believe it is immoral and goes against God intention to grow in numbers and ‘multiply’ the fact that new life can be created from a male and a female partnership is acceptable however a couple with the same sex cannot create new life and so goes against God ‘man lies with a man†¦detestable’ The Church believes that God gave women and men separate roles in the family- the women should care for the children at home and so therefore a couple with the same sex would result in the child not being cared for in the correct way as intended by God- therefore to some extent God may go not approve civil partnerships. Overall I believe that God would not approve of Civil marriages but may accept that they occur in today’s society, the fact that God loves all his people no matter what race, sex or appearance- this shows God treats everyone equally . God gave humans their own conscience and so to some extent it is humans’ choice as to who they fall in love with and so I believe God may accept civil partnerships. Describe Christian beliefs about Divorce (6) Christians belief a marriage is a life time commitment amongst a couple. However there are different views about divorce. The Roman Catholic Church believes that divorce is immoral since during the couple’s marriage ceremony they have said vows to one another in front of God, the fact that they have promised to God that they will live together ‘in sickness and health’ shows that these promises cannot be broken, and if so, it is immoral ‘A man..be united with his wife.’. These Christians believe divorce is indissoluble. The Church believes the legal agreement is broken between a marriages but the holy agreement is not. But, the church understands that divorce can be painful and so the couple should be supported by community. Yet, the couple should try and work together to restore the marriage. Catholics sometimes annul marriages so they discount the vows made and in these cases it is acceptable. The Church of England does recognise that divorces may occur and so they should be cared for and supported by others, the church believes it has a duty to support the couple in times which are hard. The church believes it is important to try and restore the marriage in order to retain happiness and joy in society since the marriage ‘two will become one flesh’. If a divorcee wants to remarry, it is up to the vicar to agree to the marriage or not. ‘Women should always obey their husbands’ Discuss the statement. (12) To some extent, one would argue this statement is outdated since women’s roles are becoming just as important as men’s and the increase in emancipation of women shows that both men and women are treated equality. This is also shown in the Bible, as God mentions there are ‘neither Jew nor Greek’ therefore God loves and cares for women and mean just as much. And so women should not look up to men and be treated differently according to the Bible. The Bible teaches that both roles of women and men are just as important and they rely on one another to live a stable lifestyle and so this equality shows that women should not obey men. In fact the Bible teaches that all humans, including women, are given a conscience and they can choose right from wrong and so therefore women can choose whether to obey their husband or not as they have a free conscience. However, women should obey men to some extend as the man is regarded as the leader of the household and so needs respect and obedience in order to show man’s role in a household. The Bible teaches that that women should ‘submit to your husbands’

The Imperial Presidency in 20the century United States Essay Example for Free

The Imperial Presidency in 20the century United States Essay The term Imperial Presidency is a contemporary description of the United States Presidency that started in the 1960s. The term inspired historian Arthur M. Schlesinger, jr. to write a book with a similar title in 1973. The term and the book were grounded on the same motives, primarily is for the rising issue regarding the presidents political outrage, the second is the presidents violation of the constitution in terms of power limitations. The presidency is dubbed as imperial if ever a particular president exercises power beyond what is written and allowed by the constitution. The responsibility of the president to the congress, supreme court, the media and the citizens have been modified slowly through the years. Hence, what is seen to be in a standard context is antithetic to what was originally legislated. The twentieth century was the advent of drastic change in American Presidency and history. This became more concrete upon Theodore Roosevelts deployment of forces to the Caribbean Islands subsequently establishing a new form of government with the absence of the congress blessing. The occupation was covered countries such as Cuba, Dominican Republic, Colombia, Honduras and Panama. The year 1927 saw another unconstitutional practice of the presidency when then U. S president Calvin Coolidge dispatched 5000 soldiers for another occupation in the country of Nicaragua. Coolidge was deemed as a rigid constructionist when it comes to other concerns. Franklin Roosevelts entrancing presidency in the midst of the Great Depression and the second World War paved the way for some major changes in the position. The rise of electronic media, the establishment of new agencies as part of the administrations platform, a diverse group of advisors and the Executive Office of the President gave life to the new context of presidency, thus, creating a huge transmutation. In 1939, President Roosevelts declaration of the limited national emergency gained him additional powers. A couple of years later, Roosevelt then affirmed that America was in a state of unlimited national emergency, which obviously earned him more authority. The two declarations gave the president the privilege to prehend property, organize and control means of production, initiate martial law, control over transportation and communication as well as institute totalitarian will over private endeavor and the populace. The end of World War II continuously gave president Harry Truman major influences, thus, unconstitutionally manipulating the congress once again by the exaggeration on the aid requirements of Greece and Turkey in his Truman Doctrine. 1950 saw the congress was again taken for granted when president Truman sent U. S forces to participate in the Korean War. Truman was frightened by the national scale revolt of the steel industry. He believed that such revolt may result to a disability of the military to fight in the Korean War. He decreed that the steel companies be controlled by the secretary of commerce, again without the permission of the congress. This act was contested by the supreme court, stating that the president was unconstitutional and the Commander-in-Chief authority of the president does not apply on domestic concerns. The Truman administration drafted additional presidential treaties which provided more authority to the president and diminished the congress sovereignty, which included intervention of international affairs. In the 1960s, the Johnson government upholded the trashing of the congress by sending soldiers to the Dominican Republic and Vietnam. The Vietnam war only tallied death tolls equal to that of the Civil and World Wars. The Tonkin Gulf Resolution saw the transfer of military powers from the congress to the president. The succeeding decade bequeathed no change on the superiority complex of a United States President as Richard Nixon as the bloodbath in Vietnam continued. Nixons rule also dug the private lives of the Americans through espionage and intelligence which led to his overthrow. The invasion of Panama under Bush command offered more maltreatment to the congress as well as the Gulf war in the 90s. His successor Bill Clinton only practiced imperialism through the affair with Whitehouse intern Monica Lewinsky. Current president George W. Bush implemented Imperial Presidency by waging war with Iraq and Afghanistan. Works Cited Schlesinger, Arthur M. , Jr. , The Imperial Presidency. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1973 Rudalevige, Andrew. . The New Imperial Presidency: Renewing Presidential Power after Watergate Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2005. Wolfensberger, Donald R. â€Å"The Return of the Imperial Presidency? † Wilson Quarterly. 26:2 (2002) p. 37 Stolberg, Sheryl Gay and Jeff Zeleny, Bush Vetoes Bill Tying Iraq Fund to Exit New York Times, 1 May, 2007 Barilleaux, Ryan J. and Mary E. Stuckey. Leadership and the Bush Presidency: Prudence or Drift in an Era of Change. New York: Praeger. 1992. Feingold, Henry M. The Politics of Rescue: The Roosevelt Administration and the Holocaust, 1938–1945. New Jersey: New Brunswick, 1970 Bernstein, Barton J. (1970). Politics and Policies of the Truman Administration, Second edition, Ed. Franklin Watts

Chemotherapy and Nail Toxicity

Chemotherapy and Nail Toxicity Hyper pigmented nails: Chemotherapy causing chromonychia Running head: Chemotherapy and nail toxicity Dr Kamal Kant sahu (M.D medicine,) Dr Gaurav Prakash (M.D medicine, DM medical oncology) Dr Pankaj Malhotra (MD medicine) Prof. Subhash Chandar Varma (MD medicine) Word count 787 Figure count 4 Table-1 References count-3 Key words: Chromonychia; leuconychia; hyperpigmeted nails; Abstract Nail toxicity are among the benign and neglected side effects linked to many chemotherapeutic drugs. Taxanes and anthracyclines are the antineoplastic drug groups most commonly implicated. Nail changes can involve several or all 20 nails and appear in temporal relationship with drug intake. Most of the time, toxicity is just a matter of concern due to cosmetic reasons, however very occasionally it may be associated with pain. True incidence of nail changes related to particular drugs are still lacking due to under-reporting and ignorance of potential side-effects among the patients, necessitating the education prior to institution of drugs and appropriate management like, avoiding potential irritants and use of topical, or oral antimicrobials, and possibly cessation or dose reduction of the offending agent or use of cryotherapy in some cases may certainly be beneficial. Introduction Chemotherapeutic drugs are associated with variety of nail changes. These nail changes are usually temporarily and use to resolve once chemo toxic drugs are stopped. Common drugs affecting are hydroxyurea, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, dexamethasone, methotrexate and cytarabine. We here report our experience with two patients who developed nail changes during the course of chemotherapy for hematological malignancies Case Report 1 A 19-year-old young boy was admitted to the our hospital’s hematology ward with the symptoms of fever and lymphadenopathy in cervical and axillary region .Workup including bone marrow examination, PET CT scan, excisional biopsy of lymph node were done and diagnosis of T cell rich B lymphoblastic lymphoma STAGE IIIB was made .He received 1st cycle of RCHOP while hospitalized and later on discharged .He received rest of seven RCHOP courses on outdoor basis. Through examination during his outdoor follow up visits revealed transverse hyper pigmented bands on the nails (chromonychia). The bands were multiple, transverse, approximately 1-mm broad, spanning the entire nail breadth, dark grey colored, nonblanchable, nonpalpable with smooth overlying nail surface on the nail plates of all fingers and toes with well appreciation of intervening faintly grey colored bands of nails(Figure 1,2). Unluckily, he relapsed post eight cycles of RCHOP chemotherapy and henceforth started on 2nd lin e chemotherapy RICE (Rituximab, ifosfamide, cisplatin, etoposide), 1st course of which was given to him uneventfully recently till the time of writing this report. Case Report 2 A 55-year- old female presented to hematology clinic with complaints of pain abdomen for 6 months with history of significant loss of weight and appetite. Per abdomen examination revealed presence of abdominal lump with dimensions of 18 cm x 15 cm with no hepatosplenomegaly.Tru-cut biopsy of lump was done .Histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry confirmed high grade, B cell type non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. She was further investigated and found to have stage IVB disease .Due to financial issues she was given CVP regimen (cyclophosphamide,doxorubicin,vincristine),however she relapsed following 3 courses by the time of writing this report. During her outdoor visits, she was found to have diffuse, black pigmentation with longitudinal striae in the nails of digits of both hands (figure 3, 4) and feet. Discussion Amongst the innumerable side effects that chemotherapeutic drugs have, mucocutaneous one are the most worrisome for the patients probably due to cosmetic reasons. Different patterns of nail discoloration like chromonychia, leukonychia (including Mees and Muehrckes lines), Beaus lines, paronychia and onycholysis have been well documented(1). Drugs commonly implicated are – vincristine, hydroxyurea, etoposide, daunorubicin, bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, dacarbazine, 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate (1, 2). The most frequent variety of chromonychia is melanonychia which is best defined as a dark pigmentation of nails observed as diffuse, transverse, or longitudinal band patterns(2).Some more common and important nail toxities have been summarized in table 1 with their description of morphology and pathophysiology of origin. Effect of cyclophosphamide on nails ranges from diffuse, black pigmentation to dark longitudinal striae , and diffuse, dark gray pigmentation located proximally, with overlying transverse, black bands(2). Doxorubicin produces commonly transverse, dark brown bands alternating with white stripes and dark brown diffuse pigmentation bands 4–5 mm wide, which affect two-thirds of the distal portion of the nail(3). Hydroxyurea produces pigmentation that has a diffuse, dark brown color which may appear as single or double transverse bands. Our patient received all of the above mentioned drugs during his due course of illness Table1. Definitions of some common nail toxities and probable pathophysiology of origin (1, 2) Conclusion Nail changes although seems to be common following chemotherapy, however goes unnoticed and underlooked in the lights of more important burning issues of chemotherapy both by physician and patient and hence true incidence of nail related changes is much more than reported especially in dark colored individuals like our patient and hence requires keen observation during follow up of these patients. References 1.Hinds G, Thomas VD. Malignancy and cancer treatment-related hair and nail changes. Dermatologic clinics. 2008;26(1):59-68, viii.. 2.Dasanu CA, Vaillant JG, Alexandrescu DT. Distinct patterns of chromonychia, Beaus lines, and melanoderma seen with vincristine, adriamycin, dexamethasone therapy for multiple myeloma. Dermatology online journal. 2006;12(6):10. 3.Gilbar P, Hain A, Peereboom VM. Nail toxicity induced by cancer chemotherapy. Journal of oncology pharmacy practice : official publication of the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners. 2009;15(3):143-55. LEGEND OF FIGURES Figure1.Multiple hyper pigmented, transverse bands, approximately 1-mm broad, spanning the entire nail breadth, dark grey colored, nonblanchable, nonpalpable with smooth overlying nail surface on the nail plates of all fingers and toes with well appreciation of intervening faintly grey colored bands of nails. Figure2.Close up image of bilateral nails with clear depiction of hyper pigmented bands. Figure3. Multiple hyper pigmented, longitudinal striae noted in bilateral nails of fingers. Figure4. Hyper pigmented longitudinal bands predominant in distal aspect of nails

The Symbolism of Hester Prynnes Appearance in The Scarlet Letter :: Essays Papers

The Symbolism of Hester Prynnes Appearance in The Scarlet Letter Throughout The Scarlet Letter, the author Nathaniel Hawthorne uses many literal and figurative items to illustrate the significance of various characters or themes. Coupled with the tangible evidence given, the reader can make many miscellaneous assumptions of the importance of these items to directly and indirectly contribute to the issues of the novel. One cryptic item that symbolizes more than it seems to is the appearance of one of the main characters, Hester Prynne. Hester Prynne's appearance and hair signify the levels of will and determination she possesses at the moment. The first example of this implication occurs at the beginning of the novel, during and before the first scaffold scene. Hester's hair is let down, shining and "so glossy that it threw off the sunshine with a gleam." This hair compliments an elegant, beautiful woman standing tall and proud. During this time, Hester's emotions, at full integrity, mirroring her appearance. When Hester is being questioned upon the scaffold, her virtue shines through when she refuses to name the partner of her sin. In the next example, Hester's pride and stature both seem to dwindle in accordance to her appearance. Within the next seven years, Hester has gone through a change both physically and emotionally. The book describes the scarlet letter to have absorbed all the rebellious and fiery qualities of Hester, leaving a cold and lonely woman, her tenderness "crushed so deeply into her heart that it can never show itself more." At the same time, Hester started "hiding" her beautiful rich hair in a cap, therefore practically eliminating her beauty and femininity. As Hester becomes less passionate internally, she becomes less passionate externally as well. The last example takes place during Hester's talk with Arthur Dimmesdale in the forest. During their emotional conversation, Hester regains her previous composure, and tries to prove to Arthur that the past can be erased. With the literal simple gestures of pulling off her scarlet letter and taking off her cap, she figuratively obliterated all that had happened before she was forced to wear the scarlet letter. Her womanliness and pride came rushing back as her hair fell back to her shoulders, becoming as she was before the scarlet letter took over her life. The Symbolism of Hester Prynnes Appearance in The Scarlet Letter :: Essays Papers The Symbolism of Hester Prynnes Appearance in The Scarlet Letter Throughout The Scarlet Letter, the author Nathaniel Hawthorne uses many literal and figurative items to illustrate the significance of various characters or themes. Coupled with the tangible evidence given, the reader can make many miscellaneous assumptions of the importance of these items to directly and indirectly contribute to the issues of the novel. One cryptic item that symbolizes more than it seems to is the appearance of one of the main characters, Hester Prynne. Hester Prynne's appearance and hair signify the levels of will and determination she possesses at the moment. The first example of this implication occurs at the beginning of the novel, during and before the first scaffold scene. Hester's hair is let down, shining and "so glossy that it threw off the sunshine with a gleam." This hair compliments an elegant, beautiful woman standing tall and proud. During this time, Hester's emotions, at full integrity, mirroring her appearance. When Hester is being questioned upon the scaffold, her virtue shines through when she refuses to name the partner of her sin. In the next example, Hester's pride and stature both seem to dwindle in accordance to her appearance. Within the next seven years, Hester has gone through a change both physically and emotionally. The book describes the scarlet letter to have absorbed all the rebellious and fiery qualities of Hester, leaving a cold and lonely woman, her tenderness "crushed so deeply into her heart that it can never show itself more." At the same time, Hester started "hiding" her beautiful rich hair in a cap, therefore practically eliminating her beauty and femininity. As Hester becomes less passionate internally, she becomes less passionate externally as well. The last example takes place during Hester's talk with Arthur Dimmesdale in the forest. During their emotional conversation, Hester regains her previous composure, and tries to prove to Arthur that the past can be erased. With the literal simple gestures of pulling off her scarlet letter and taking off her cap, she figuratively obliterated all that had happened before she was forced to wear the scarlet letter. Her womanliness and pride came rushing back as her hair fell back to her shoulders, becoming as she was before the scarlet letter took over her life.

film Essays -- essays research papers

The film, El Norte, is a believable portrayal of a Guatemalan family’s struggles in the 1980s. The story is divided into three parts. The first part of the story takes place in a village in Guatemala. The Xuncax family is in danger when the father, an activist leader, helps organize the local workers. Because of the father’s activism and his attempt to preserve what rightfully belongs to them, he is murdered. The mother is then taken away by the army, never to be seen again. The brother, Enrique, and the sister, Rosa, are left behind in the village. They fear for their lives and share the hope of a better life in â€Å"the north.† They recall the stories told to them by their godmother. They viewed pictures and stories in an American magazine, Good Housekeeping, portraying images of the â€Å"American Dream.† So often, this image is presented in such a manner that many readers in the U.S. and in other countries get the message that this dream is easily attainable and close at hand. Rosa and Enrique are also seduced by this false presentation of the U.S. They believed this myth about life in the north, so they fled from their violent situation, only to trade their present set of problems for another kind of intensified conflict as undocumented immigrants.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The director was careful to present a fictional story based on the real life struggles of undocumented immigrants. The authentic portrayal of the people and their story is powerful. The characters are no...

Red Badge Of Courage :: essays research papers

Article Review on "Red Badge of Courage" The book Red Badge of Courage, is about a physical and emotional pain that a solider of the Civil War might of went through. The soldiers pain comes from all of the horrible things associated with war. The main character, Henery Fleming, joins the Union army dreaming of the heroic things he will accomplish. During the war he discovers that war is not so great and becomes real unsure of himself. Henry then meets up with his friend Jim Then halfway through the book he confronts his cowardice and gains a realistic and sense of duty and responsibility. When the novel ends he has conquered his fear. Then Henry meets Wilson, the loud solider, who I think represents the two sides of human nature. Wilson is a mean and tough guy that no one likes and then towards the end of the book he finds that he really cares about Henry. While Henry is dealing with all of his emotions they are moving into war. The book Red Badge of Courage is insightful because it gives great detail about the hardship of war, the physical and emotional side of it. It shows how a young solider of the Civil War would have felt and also it shows all his fears. It is not just about war and the fighting, the book gives details about the camp and the other soldiers that Henry Flemmings interacts with. Stephen Crane has a unique writing style because it is very symbolic and it paints a lot of pictures for you. Crane is very imaginative and takes a look from one viewpoint into an isolated person and his relationship with society. I believe the book was well writing at times because some parts could have used more detail. It would have been easier to understand. Some parts of the book I felt like I was really there but others it just felt so distance. This work is important because of its historical value that it has with the Civil War. It tells not just about the war itself and what is going on but the emotion al side of a young solider. It tells how soldiers break down in war and that all of them are heroes at sometime in the war. I learned from the book that you must face your fears and that if you run from them once then the next time you must face them.

Marketing Solution Essay

This paper will use a problem solving model to solve Classic Airline’s marketing problem. The company is suffering within the airline industry due to several factors, a couple being the massive increase of costs for fuel and labor. The resolution in conquering the airlines dilemma will be addressed in a comprehensive nine-step problem solving model. This model will include Defining the Problem, Gathering Facts, Feelings, and Opinion, Identifying the Real Problem, Generate Possible Solutions, Generate Possible Solutions, Evaluate Alternatives, Select Best Alternatives, Gain Approval and Support, Implement Decision and Evaluate Results. The factors of this difficulty in the marketing of this company will be identified, analyzed, followed by a robust decision on the strategy to resolve Classic Airlines’ crisis. Step One: The Problem There has been a reduction in employee morale (which is at an all time low), the increase in fuel and labor has contributed to the increase in expenses these factors have the airline in a tailspin within the industry. This is not all due to marketing the company can not be held accountable for the price of fuel nor can it take responsibility for the scrutiny on the airlines from the sectors of the economy outside of the airline industry. According to the American Marketing Association Board of Directors (2012), Marketing research is the function that links the consumer, customer, and public to the marketer through information used to identify and define marketing opportunities and problems; generate, refine, and evaluate marketing actions; monitor marketing performance; and improve understanding of marketing as a process (Definition of Marketing Research, sec. 2). The research in marketing is vital to Classic Airline’s ability to correct most of its problems it will not only bring loyal customers back but provide other opportunities for the airline to further stabilize itself within the airline industry. The key to the research required for the airline is to be as in depth as possible with the opinion of the public, it will also require the company to find the most cost effective resources for fuel and labor. The research shows that economic conditions have contributed to a reduction of ticket purchases however it is not the price of the ticket that has caused the decline. Step Two: Gathering the Facts, Feelings and Opinions The position in the airline industry of Classic Airlines is that it is the 5th largest airline in the world. The leader with the airlines comprises more than 375 jets that travel to 240 cities and run in excess of 2,300 flights a day (University of Phoenix, 2012). The company employs about 32,000 professionals to maintain its massive operation. This industry colossal earned over $10 million in profit on $8. 7 billion in ticket sales. In spite of the leader position in the business Classic Airlines is experiencing some negative changes recently. In the last year, the Classic Reward Program saw a 19% decline in the number of members and the current members purchased 21% less flights (University of Phoenix, 2012). The feelings of the employees are based on the public’s opinion of the airline industry which has caused them to have doubts about their line of work and the stability of the business. The Labor Union is the focal point in gathering the feelings of the employees, which are the airline greatest assets. Classic Airlines can increase moral by addressing the employees’ labor contracts to show their staff that they are appreciated. During the Shareholders meeting the company officials can hear the opinions of the group of people that do not control the everyday operation of the company but provide vital capital to the airline. In many ways the opinion of the Shareholders are a direct reflection of the publics’ view of the industry and the company. Shareholders are the owners of a business and are the ultimate decision-makers on the direction of a company. While the management of a company has the day-to-day decision-making power, shareholders guide the strategy, financing and selection of management of the firm. In many cases, shareholders are the management of the firm (Azcentral. com 2013). The opinion of the upper management via the CEO, Amanda Miller, and CFO, Catherine Simpson, are strictly addressing the problem through looking at the numbers and trying to make adjustments accordingly. This is of the opposite opinion on the CMO, Kevin Boyle, who feels that marketing will regain the trust of the general public, the employees and the shareholders to increase confidence in the airline. The conflict for Classic Airlines lies in whether or not the vastly different opinions on how to provide a olution to the company can be merged or selectively decided upon. Step Three: Identify the Real Problem The facts have been gathered and it has previously been stated that the confidence in the industry has not been the same across the board. This is due to events that have nothing to do directly with the 5th largest airline in the world, Classic Airlines, or any other company in the business. The othe r side effect of the catastrophe of September 11th caused the economy to shift in a downward motion which triggered prices to rise. The effects of the economy and the disaster have caused a serious predicament in the increase in expenses for materials, fuel, labor, costs of goods and services, and labor which also reduced customer confidence. The Classic Rewards Program is suffering losses every year and the frequent flier association has suffered a loss of around 20% of its members (University of Phoenix, 2012). The feelings of the employees are likewise a reflection of the lack of confidence the general public feels towards the industry and Classic Airlines is not developing confidence by refusing to address its labor issues to stabilize their employees. The Shareholders are also not confident in the company not because it was not preserving its market share or position in the industry however the external factors caused them to be a bit more cautious in investing their money. The final real problem is the polarization in upper management which has to be resolved immediately to not only reflect a positive direction for shareholders but that will result in a solution that sets Classic Airlines apart from its competition. Another real problem for example, is the data system the company uses which is the Customer Relationship Management system (CRM) that has not been utilized properly and in doing so has allowed the company to not actualize what is causing their customer’s dissatisfaction. In correlation to the opinion of the CMO, Kevin Boyle, in addressing the needs of the customer could provide profitability and the ability to give their customers what they are lacking. The upper management should not look at this time as a number crunching session nor should it drift away in contentment. Conversely Classic Airline should take this opportunity to explore new ideas and options that will solidify the fact that they are one of the industry leaders for a reason. If all these real problems are address correctly the company will maintain or even increase its place in the airline industry. Step Four: Generate Possible Solutions There are several possibilities that will affect the profitability of the airline. They can merge with another airline or downsize the company by separating the domestic and international businesses with the possibility of selling off the lower producing divisions. Sell the less used planes and equipment to generate immediate income for the company to use in other areas. The shareholders can deem the Upper Management as underachieving and begin to replace them with what they would consider more qualified candidates, in hopes of getting into the correct position within the airline industry. Classic Airlines can concentrate its focus on the employees and customers to increase their confidence. The company could look at the financial picture of the company and make adjustments to make the streamline the firm. Selling off the plane and equipment may be risky because of the lack of customer confidence. Classic could also look to expand globally to gain a larger market share in the foreign market. The shareholder removing the Upper Management would be too time consuming and too much of a chance if in fact the replacement can not improve the missteps of the original managers. Concentrating on the employees and costumers may be the cornerstone of success for the company because the employees are already familiar with their duties and the customers were loyal in the past. This simply means that the pieces are already in place to stabilize the company but the strategies must be implemented. Step Five: Evaluate Alternatives Downsizing is almost like throwing in the towel for the 5th largest airline in the world and it probably would not be cost effective with the climate in the airline industry. Merging with another company within reason may help to increase the overall scope of the company if the opportunity to maintain market share was present. The company could streamline its resources and utilize every tool that is accessible to them in order to run a more efficient organization. Global expansion could bring in more revenue with a slight transference in the amount of flights from low producing locations. Step Six: Best Alternatives The solution to this vast problem within Classic Airlines starts with Upper Management. The management team needs to get on the same page, committed to gearing the company in a positive direction and being open minded then good things will follow for the company. The first problem to be addressed begins with the most valuable asset of any company, the employees. The CEO and CFO need to hold a meeting with the CMO to get an idea of why the employee moral is so low and what issues they have with the Labor Union. In doing so, they can form a strategy to allow the opinions of the employees to be heard but having themselves prepared to meet their employees’ demands and needs within reason. The next step in providing a possible solution is to gather as much data on the customers as possible to get them back to flying with Classic. The Customer Relationship Management system (CRM) needs to have a direct Administrator that is specifically in charge of gathering data about the customers. This information plays a major role in exploring the customer’s needs and wants. The administrator will provide the information to Upper Management so they will be informed of why they are loosing business yearly. Once the information is collected and documented management can strategize on meeting the customer’s needs. The airline may have to give away a few trips, coupons, provide better seating or more beer on longer flights, nonetheless if the company provides what the customer demands it will surely gain the business that it has lost and probably more than anticipated. Classic Airlines would not exist without its customers or its employees, therefore these problems should be address immediately. According to new research from the University of Missouri (MU), CEOs who pay attention to employees’ job satisfaction are able to boost both customer satisfaction and increase the number of customers who intend to do repeat business with the company (www. usinessnewsdaily. com 2013). The next problem can be solved by executing the previous solutions which will gain confidence in the marketplace and peak the interest of potential investors to start looking into Classic Airlines once again. Upper Management needs to hold a Shareholders meeting to address the changes that were identified in the two previous solutions and what that has provided for the company’s revenue potential. Hold the meeting will show the investors that they are up for the task as Upper Management and provide the investors with the confidence that hey desperately needed in the airline. The CMO, Keith Boyle has a former colleague, Osef Wymann, Marketing Executive of Skyway Airlines in Switzerland that can expand the business globally (University of Phoenix 2012). This opportunity can increase the European scope of the company and allow for growth in that arena. Implementing these solutions could increase the total profitability of Classic Airlines and curtail the financial difficulties that the company is currently confronting. Step Seven: Gain Approval and Support The solutions provided in the previous section would be presented to Upper Management, Employees and Shareholders alike. The company as a whole would be an open book and all opinions are addressed and heard throughout the process. It is the job of Upper Management to research and know the concerns of all contributors to the operation of the company. In any given situation everyone will not agree, however if the collect issues are addressed and met then the ideals, goals and expectations are set and should be fairly easy to implement. Step Eight: Implement Decision After Upper Management has gained the support of all of its contributors it is now time to implement the solutions. Weekly meetings will be held by all departments of the airline with all employees to reiterate what the goals of the company are moving forward. There will be monthly meetings with mid and upper management to discuss the results of the meetings and gather data on the success and the short comings. The CRM administrator should provide a daily report to the executives of Classic Airlines to insure customer satisfaction. The international venture with Skyway Airlines will be supervised by the CMO selecting a staff and monitoring the successes or failures. Eventually this will be removed as a responsibility of the CMO but because of the relationship he has with the executive of Skyway it would make sense for him to begin the business model. It is imperative that Upper Management address the labor Union and the shareholders to make sure their needs are being met on a quarterly basis. Step Nine: Evaluate Results In every facet of Classic Airlines there will be surveys, customer service inquiries, polling, advertisement offering a toll free customer service number, internet contact information for opinions on the customer’s experience. In every meeting room from the local employees’ weekly meeting to the quarterly shareholder gala there will be comment cards and surveys. This data will be collected and put into document form so that Upper Management will remain aware of there level of success. With all of these provisions in place Classic Airline is sure to overcome its current problems and fly above the competition.